Traditional cancer therapies often attack rapidly dividing cells, leading to harm healthy tissues and significant side effects. Newer approaches, including precision medicine, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, have improved outcomes, yet their effectiveness is often limited by tumor resistance and adaptation.
Cancer cells exploit alternative survival pathways, while the tumor microenvironment, particularly the stroma, protects tumors and reduces the impact of current therapies.
Achieving durable responses requires targeting essential cellular pathways and overcoming the supportive tumor environment.